Motion Predicates and the Compounding Parameter: A New Approach
نویسنده
چکیده
Motion Predicates and the Compounding Parameter: A New Approach William Snyder University of Connecticut and Haskins Laboratories University of Maryland,15 April 2005 1. Background 1.1 Talmy’s Verb-framed/Satellite-framed Typology (1) Talmy (1985, 1991, 2000) distinguishes between “satellite-framed” (Englishtype) languages and “verb-framed” (Spanish-type) languages. (2) In English, path is normally expressed by a “satellite” – a particle or PP (Talmy 1985:62): a. The rock slid/rolled/bounced down the hill b. The napkin blew off the table In Spanish, path is normally expressed in the main verb (Talmy 1985:69): c. La botella entró a la cueva (flotando) the bottle moved-in to the cave (floating) ‘The bottle floated into the cave’ d. La botella pasó por la piedra (flotando) the bottle moved-by past the rock (floating) ‘The bottle floated past the rock’ (3) Characteristics of English-type, but not Spanish-type languages, include: verb-particle constructions, resultatives, manner-of-motion verbs + path-of-motion PPs resultative: walk to the store non-resultative: slide down the banister 1.2 The Compounding Parameter (Snyder 1995, 2001) (4) TCP (First Approximation): The language {allows, disallows} formation of endocentric root compounds during the syntactic derivation. (5) In [+TCP] languages, but not [-TCP] languages, novel endocentric compounds can be created at will. (6) a. English: banana box 'box in which bananas are stored' b. Spanish: *banana caja, *caja banana Generalizations from (Snyder 1995): (7) Verb-NP-Particle constructions are possible only in [+TCP] languages. (8) a. English: Mary lifted the box up. b. Spanish: María levantó la caja (*arriba). (9) Transitive resultative constructions are possible only in [+TCP] languages. (10) a. English: John beat the iron flat. b. Spanish: Juan golpeó el hierro (*plano). (11) Cross-linguistic survey: Language Separable particles? Transitive resultatives? Novel N-N compounds? Austroasiatic: Khmer Yes Yes Yes Finno-Ugric: Estonian Yes Yes Yes Germanic: Dutch Yes Yes Yes Sino-Tibetan: Mandarin Yes Yes Yes Tai: Thai Yes Yes Yes
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